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The Ancientzen
Judean families settle beside an irrigation canal under date palms, about 580 BCE

Jewish Exiles in Babylon After 587 BCE: Legend and Evidence

When Jerusalem fell, Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon carried part of Judah’s people to Babylonia. In Louis Ginzberg’s Legends of the Jews he makes the captives march naked while he and his princes celebrate on their vessels, and he has the handsomest youths massacred after Babylonian women are seized with passion for them. The Bible does not ...

A bound king kneels before a seated Babylonian ruler in a camp pavilion, 587 BCE

Zedekiah Blinded at Riblah: What the Bible Records

Zedekiah, the last king of Judah, was overtaken on the plains of Jericho, brought to Nebuchadnezzar at Riblah and made to watch his sons killed, and then he was blinded, bound with bronze fetters and carried to Babylon (2 Kings 25:4-7). The text does not say that he fled through an underground passage, it places ...

Babylonian soldiers raise a siege ramp against Jerusalem’s wall, 589 to 587 BCE

The Siege of Jerusalem, 589 to 587 BCE: What the Texts Say

The siege of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon began in the ninth year of King Zedekiah, and by the eleventh the city had no bread and its walls were broken. Scholars place the fall in 587 or 586 BCE. The Bible dates the breach to the ninth day of the fourth month and the burning ...

Three monks bar a forest path to a traveller beside his canoe, present day

Why the Monks of Tana Kirkos Will Not Say Where the Ark Is

The monks of Tana Kirkos, on an island in Lake Tana in northern Ethiopia, would not say where the Ark of the Covenant is, according to a photojournalist who says he asked them directly. The reason he was given is that invaders had tried to steal it. The account names no thieves and gives no ...

Uzzah lies beside the halted ox cart as David watches, around 1000 BCE

Why Did Uzzah Die Touching the Ark? What 2 Samuel 6 Says

Uzzah died on the spot after he took hold of the Ark of the Covenant. According to 2 Samuel 6, King David was bringing the Ark to Jerusalem on a new cart when the oxen shook it, and Uzzah put out a hand to it. The anger of the LORD was kindled against him, and ...

A traveller stops before an embroidered curtain as a priest raises a hand, present day

Does Looking at the Ark Mean Fire? Ethiopia’s Deadly Rule

A photojournalist who travelled in northern Ethiopia says believers there told him the power of the Ark of the Covenant can burn a person alive. He says he was told that anyone other than the guardian priest who looked at one of the sacred tablets would be consumed by fire at once, which is why ...

Egyptian war chariot sunk to its axle in wet mud as water rises, age of the Exodus, undated.

Egyptian Chariots Met Disaster on Unstable Seabed

Shallow water can still kill an army. The biblical script makes a direct, terrifying point about the physics of ancient warfare: while modern readers often picture the Israelites crossing a deep, oceanic abyss, the theory of a shallow lagoon or coastal lake does not require a mere puddle. Horses and heavy war chariots driven at ...

Corridor of bare wet ground between two towering dark walls of water under a moon, age of the Exodus, undated.

The Parted Sea’s Walls of Water Defy Natural Physics

Exodus 14:22 provides the most famous and enduring image of the ancient crossing, stating that the Israelites went into the sea on dry ground, with the waters forming a wall to them on their right hand and on their left. It is an incredibly striking visual—a narrow, traversable corridor framed by towering, unnatural cliffs of ...

Pharaoh leading a vast column of Egyptian war chariots across a sandy plain, age of the Exodus, undated.

Pharaoh’s Lethal Reversal Cost Egypt Its Best Chariots

A king who had just released an entire captive population changed his mind within a matter of days. Exodus 14:5-8 records that when Pharaoh was told the Israelites had officially fled, he and his royal officials experienced a sudden, catastrophic reversal. Looking at their empty construction sites and untended fields, they asked themselves what they ...

Terrified Israelites trapped in a coastal camp on Egypt's eastern frontier, age of the Exodus, undated.

Israelites Feared Freedom More Than Egyptian Slavery

Freedom frightened the Israelites more than slavery did. Exodus 14:11-12 records exactly what the people said when the Egyptian chariots finally came into view on the horizon. Trapped between a massive body of water and an advancing military force, they turned on Moses and asked if there were no graves in Egypt that he had ...

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